See stif in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stifly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stiffenes"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "stiff"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "stif"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "stiff"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "steif"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "stiff"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "ine-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "stīf"
},
"expansion": "Old English stīf",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*stīf"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *stīf",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English stīf, from Proto-West Germanic *stīf. The variant with a short vowel is probably from the comparative.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stiffer",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "stiffeste",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "styf",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "styfe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "styff",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "styffe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "stife",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "stiff",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "stiffe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "stive",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "styve",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "comparative",
"6": "stiffer",
"7": "superlative",
"8": "stiffeste",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "stif (comparative stiffer, superlative stiffeste)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "stiffer",
"3": "stiffeste"
},
"expansion": "stif (comparative stiffer, superlative stiffeste)",
"name": "enm-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Stiff, firm, hard; difficult to move or manipulate."
],
"id": "en-stif-enm-adj-Ilb13hDO",
"links": [
[
"Stiff",
"stiff"
],
[
"firm",
"firm"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Strong, fixed, hardy well-built; constructed as to last."
],
"id": "en-stif-enm-adj-1VWwps~s",
"links": [
[
"Strong",
"strong"
],
[
"fixed",
"fixed"
],
[
"hardy",
"hardy"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Having strong resolve; unyielding or strong-minded."
],
"id": "en-stif-enm-adj-Nkbaxa5B",
"links": [
[
"unyielding",
"unyielding"
],
[
"strong-minded",
"strong-minded"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Daring, audacious, valiant, boastful."
],
"id": "en-stif-enm-adj-nAIUFU8L",
"links": [
[
"Daring",
"daring"
],
[
"audacious",
"audacious"
],
[
"valiant",
"valiant"
],
[
"boastful",
"boastful"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Having great strength, might or ability; mightful."
],
"id": "en-stif-enm-adj-T5Vag--Z",
"links": [
[
"mightful",
"mightful"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Having great force or potence; forceful."
],
"id": "en-stif-enm-adj-XESszrnK",
"links": [
[
"potence",
"potence"
],
[
"forceful",
"forceful"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Bloody, injurious, wounding; causing injury or challenge."
],
"id": "en-stif-enm-adj-q-wpSz6d"
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Runny; having a high viscosity."
],
"id": "en-stif-enm-adj-WziBW-As",
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Runny; having a high viscosity."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 3 5 3 5 7 6 4 16 11 9 10 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 1 1 2 2 7 6 7 20 11 8 13 14",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Liquids",
"orig": "enm:Liquids",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Rough; not smooth to the touch."
],
"id": "en-stif-enm-adj-hDuBfOYG",
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Rough; not smooth to the touch."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stiːf/"
},
{
"ipa": "/stif/"
}
],
"word": "stif"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "ine-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "stīf"
},
"expansion": "Old English stīf",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*stīf"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *stīf",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English stīf, from Proto-West Germanic *stīf. The variant with a short vowel is probably from the comparative.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stiffer",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stiffer",
"tags": [
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "stiffest",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "styf",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "styfe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "styff",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "styffe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "stife",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "stiff",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "stiffe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "stive",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "styve",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "plural and weak singular",
"4": "stiffer",
"5": "comparative",
"6": "stiffest",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{3}}}",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "stif (plural and weak singular stiffer, comparative stiffest)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stiffer",
"2": "stiffest"
},
"expansion": "stif (plural and weak singular stiffer, comparative stiffest)",
"name": "enm-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Stiffly, firmly, unmoveably; in a way that is difficult to move or manipulate."
],
"id": "en-stif-enm-adv-jbMvuLcj",
"links": [
[
"Stiffly",
"stiffly"
],
[
"firmly",
"firmly"
],
[
"unmoveably",
"unmoveably"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"With strong resolve; unyieldingly or strong-mindedly."
],
"id": "en-stif-enm-adv-18q7Qj2a",
"links": [
[
"unyieldingly",
"unyieldingly"
],
[
"strong-mindedly",
"strong-mindedly"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Bloodily, injuriously, woundingly; in a way causing injury or challenge."
],
"id": "en-stif-enm-adv-yUAu~ois"
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Daringly, bravely, forcefully, totally."
],
"id": "en-stif-enm-adv-n~Lspcvc",
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Daringly, bravely, forcefully, totally."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stiːf/"
},
{
"ipa": "/stif/"
}
],
"word": "stif"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English adjectives",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English adjectives",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Liquids"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "stifly"
},
{
"word": "stiffenes"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "stiff"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "stif"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "stiff"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "steif"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "stiff"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "ine-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "stīf"
},
"expansion": "Old English stīf",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*stīf"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *stīf",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English stīf, from Proto-West Germanic *stīf. The variant with a short vowel is probably from the comparative.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stiffer",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "stiffeste",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "styf",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "styfe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "styff",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "styffe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "stife",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "stiff",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "stiffe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "stive",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "styve",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "comparative",
"6": "stiffer",
"7": "superlative",
"8": "stiffeste",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "stif (comparative stiffer, superlative stiffeste)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "stiffer",
"3": "stiffeste"
},
"expansion": "stif (comparative stiffer, superlative stiffeste)",
"name": "enm-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Stiff, firm, hard; difficult to move or manipulate."
],
"links": [
[
"Stiff",
"stiff"
],
[
"firm",
"firm"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Strong, fixed, hardy well-built; constructed as to last."
],
"links": [
[
"Strong",
"strong"
],
[
"fixed",
"fixed"
],
[
"hardy",
"hardy"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Having strong resolve; unyielding or strong-minded."
],
"links": [
[
"unyielding",
"unyielding"
],
[
"strong-minded",
"strong-minded"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Daring, audacious, valiant, boastful."
],
"links": [
[
"Daring",
"daring"
],
[
"audacious",
"audacious"
],
[
"valiant",
"valiant"
],
[
"boastful",
"boastful"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Having great strength, might or ability; mightful."
],
"links": [
[
"mightful",
"mightful"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Having great force or potence; forceful."
],
"links": [
[
"potence",
"potence"
],
[
"forceful",
"forceful"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Bloody, injurious, wounding; causing injury or challenge."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Runny; having a high viscosity."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Runny; having a high viscosity."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Rough; not smooth to the touch."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Rough; not smooth to the touch."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stiːf/"
},
{
"ipa": "/stif/"
}
],
"word": "stif"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English adjectives",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English adjectives",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Liquids"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "ine-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "stīf"
},
"expansion": "Old English stīf",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*stīf"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *stīf",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English stīf, from Proto-West Germanic *stīf. The variant with a short vowel is probably from the comparative.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stiffer",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stiffer",
"tags": [
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "stiffest",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "styf",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "styfe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "styff",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "styffe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "stife",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "stiff",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "stiffe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "stive",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "styve",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "plural and weak singular",
"4": "stiffer",
"5": "comparative",
"6": "stiffest",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{3}}}",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "stif (plural and weak singular stiffer, comparative stiffest)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stiffer",
"2": "stiffest"
},
"expansion": "stif (plural and weak singular stiffer, comparative stiffest)",
"name": "enm-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Stiffly, firmly, unmoveably; in a way that is difficult to move or manipulate."
],
"links": [
[
"Stiffly",
"stiffly"
],
[
"firmly",
"firmly"
],
[
"unmoveably",
"unmoveably"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"With strong resolve; unyieldingly or strong-mindedly."
],
"links": [
[
"unyieldingly",
"unyieldingly"
],
[
"strong-mindedly",
"strong-mindedly"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Bloodily, injuriously, woundingly; in a way causing injury or challenge."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Daringly, bravely, forcefully, totally."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Daringly, bravely, forcefully, totally."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stiːf/"
},
{
"ipa": "/stif/"
}
],
"word": "stif"
}
Download raw JSONL data for stif meaning in Middle English (7.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-01-13 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-01-01 using wiktextract (96027d6 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.